Unit Stills Photography - Life on a Movie Set

Top Photo - me with actor Cary Elwes (yes, from Princess Bride) on set. Learning the work habits of the actors in your film and respecting their craft puts you in good stead with them. That means knowing when you're in their sight lines or bothering them generally. And, of course, taking pictures that make them look fabulous helps as well.

Bottom - a movie set is a crowded place with lots of different departments (art, camera, asst director, grip, gaffer, wardrobe, production, etc.) Learning who does what and respecting their contribution enhances the cooperation you'll get as a photographer.

Images © Copyright 2008 Michael Seto

New York City, September 22, 2008.

I just wrapped principal shooting on a film last week where I was the STILLS photographer; sometimes call the unit-, stills-, or production photographer. The unit photog's job is to take high quality still photos that mimic the look of the film for marketing and publicity purposes. The principal filming took place in New York City for 18-days. We worked long 12-hour days on set.

So what does that mean? Often, movies need to be sold to a distributor, and high quality photos that accurately reflect the 'look' of the movie are critical to making the sale. Often the actual film is not ready or available to send around to various movie distributors - so that's where stills come in. Additionally, the stills may be sent to magazines, like Entertainment Weekly, Variety, etc. for publicity.

Why a still photographer? When you're shooting a movie with film (not digital), it's tough to get a high quality image pulled from a (motion) film frame. First of all, film is shot at 24 frames per second so your shutter speed is only 1/48th of a second* - sometimes inadequate to stop motion sufficiently to give you a crisp sharp image. Plus, sometimes it's tough to find the exact frame you want from thousands of feet of film. Even with digital video, it's common to have a unit photog since their camera resolution beats most video - though with hi-def and the RED cameras this is less of an issue.

Also, the still photog can get images from slightly different angles as well as behind the scenes shots of the director with the actors, and portraits of the actors around the set - especially if they're in costume.

Simulating film. So my job is to shoot photos that look like what the director and cinematographer (or director of photography, DP) see in their monitors. To do that, I need to position myself as close to the camera as possible, and use a lens on my camera that mimics the field of view of the motion picture camera.

Getting close to the camera means making friends with the camera operator, his first asst cameraman (1st AC) - who pulls focus and is joined at the hip with the camera operator, and then the 2nd AC - who uses the clapperboard and generally assists. You need to balance the need to get your shot with the needs of the actors and the film cameras...you come in a distant distant second (or tenth).

Nitty-Gritty Equipment Choices: The 70-200 mm f2.8 was the workhorse! I found 80% of my shots required my 70-200 mm VR lens. Mainly because this lens gave me a field of view most similar to that of the video camera. (This may vary if you're doing a David Lean or other movie with lot's of panoramic vistas.) As well, the fast 2.8 aperture allowed shooting in low light - often the case on a movie set. My average camera settings (most of the film was shot indoors) were ISO 1600, f4, at 1/100.

I shot with the Nikon D700 to take advantage of it's full-frame FX sensor and unmatched ability to shoot at high ISO with relatively low noise. I felt comfortable shooting at up to 6400 with some post-production NR. My 50 1.4 and 17-35 2.8 also saw use. The jury is out on a mid-range zoom; I just did not find that much time to use it (when shooting stills). Behind the scenes (BTS) is another area. I think the 24-70 2.8 would work great here, but I did not have one with me on this gig.

Working on Set. Someone said being on a movie set can be like high school, with all the cliques and popularity contests and petty infighting. I didn't find that to be the case, though there were some standoffish individuals. Overall, people are very nice, especially if you take a moment to learn their name, what their job is, and respect their contribution to the effort. You may think that craft services (catering) is not too value added, until they deliver coffee and sandwiches to a crew standing in the freezing rain for three hours.

Everyone and everything must work together to pull off a successful film from art to wardrobe, to lighting (grip) and the acting. Moving lights around might not be as technical as the SFX (special effects) stuff - but you learn that it's just as critical.

*It's not the intuitive 1/24 because the shutter closes as the film mechanism advances the next frame into position and then exposes it. Shutter speed of 1/48th of a second is just an approximation.


End of Part I of "Life on a Movie Set." Stay tuned for Part II.